Nasturtiums, also known as Tropaeolum majus, are a vibrant and popular flower that has captivated gardeners and botanists alike for centuries. Among the many varieties of nasturtiums, the ‘Empress of India’ stands out as a particularly striking and beloved cultivar. This article will delve into the fascinating world of nasturtiums, with a particular focus on the ‘Empress of India’ variety, exploring its history, cultivation, care, and unique characteristics.
History and Origin of Nasturtiums
Nasturtiums are native to South America, particularly Peru and Ecuador, where they grow in the wild in a variety of habitats, including forests, meadows, and along riverbanks. The flowers have been cultivated for centuries, with evidence of their use in ancient civilizations such as the Incas and Aztecs. The name ‘nasturtium’ is derived from the Latin word ‘nasturtium’, which means ‘nose-twister’, a reference to the plant’s pungent scent.
The ‘Empress of India’ variety was first cultivated in the 19th century and gained popularity due to its unique coloration and robust growth habit. The name ‘Empress of India’ is a nod to the British Empire’s fascination with exotic plants and the flower’s regal appearance.
Characteristics of Nasturtium Empress of India
The ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium is known for its striking appearance and unique characteristics. Here are some of the key features that set it apart:
Color and Appearance
The ‘Empress of India’ is a bi-colored flower, with a bright yellow center surrounded by a deep red petal. This striking combination of colors makes it a standout in any garden or floral arrangement. The flowers are typically large, measuring up to 4 inches in diameter, and have a distinctive, ruffled appearance.
Growth Habit
The ‘Empress of India’ is a trailing plant, with long stems that can grow up to 6 feet in length. It is well-suited to hanging baskets, window boxes, and other containers where its trailing habit can be showcased. The plant is also known for its fast growth rate, making it a popular choice for quick-growing ground covers.
Fragrance
While not as fragrant as some other flowers, the ‘Empress of India’ has a pleasant, slightly spicy scent that is particularly noticeable in the evening. This scent is a result of the plant’s essential oils, which are also responsible for its pungent taste.
Edibility
Nasturtiums are not only beautiful but also edible. The leaves, flowers, and even the seeds of the ‘Empress of India’ can be eaten raw or cooked. They have a peppery, slightly spicy flavor that is often used to add a zing to salads, sandwiches, and other dishes. The flowers can also be candied or used to make a tangy, spicy vinegar.
Cultivation and Care of Nasturtium Empress of India
Cultivating the ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium is relatively easy, making it a popular choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. Here are some tips for growing and caring for this beautiful plant:
Soil and Planting
The ‘Empress of India’ prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It can be grown in a variety of soil types, but it tends to do best in a slightly acidic to neutral pH range (between 6.0 and 7.0). When planting, ensure that the soil is moist but not waterlogged, and that the plant has plenty of room to spread its roots.
Light and Water
The ‘Empress of India’ thrives in full sun, with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. In hotter climates, it may benefit from some afternoon shade to prevent the leaves from scorching. Water the plant regularly, ensuring that the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Temperature and Humidity
The ‘Empress of India’ is a warm-season plant and prefers temperatures between 60°F and 85°F (15°C and 29°C). It is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from cold temperatures. The plant also prefers moderate humidity levels, around 50-60%.
Fertilization
Feed the ‘Empress of India’ with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Be sure to follow the package instructions for proper dilution. Too much fertilizer can cause the plant to become leggy and produce fewer flowers.
Pruning and Maintenance
Prune the ‘Empress of India’ regularly to encourage bushier growth and more flowers. Pinch back the growing tips of the plant when it is about 6 inches tall to promote branching. Remove any dead or yellowing leaves to keep the plant healthy and looking its best.
Uses and Benefits of Nasturtium Empress of India
The ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium is not only a beautiful addition to any garden but also offers a variety of practical uses and benefits:
Edible Uses
As mentioned earlier, the ‘Empress of India’ is edible and can be used in a variety of culinary applications. The leaves and flowers can be eaten raw or cooked, adding a peppery, spicy flavor to dishes. The seeds can also be used to make a tangy, spicy vinegar.
Medicinal Uses
Nasturtiums have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. The plant contains compounds that have been shown to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The leaves and flowers can be made into a tea or tincture to treat a variety of ailments, including colds, flu, and digestive issues.
Companion Planting
The ‘Empress of India’ is a great companion plant for many other vegetables and flowers. Its trailing habit makes it an excellent choice for covering the ground and preventing weeds from taking root. The plant also attracts beneficial insects, such as bees and butterflies, which can help pollinate other plants in the garden.
Deterrent to Pests
Nasturtiums are known for their ability to deter pests, including aphids, whiteflies, and caterpillars. The plant’s strong scent and peppery taste make it unappealing to many pests, making it a useful addition to the garden.
Propagation of Nasturtium Empress of India
Propagating the ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium is relatively easy and can be done through several methods:
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating nasturtiums is through seed. Seeds can be sown directly into the garden or started indoors in small pots. Plant the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and keep the soil consistently moist until they germinate, which typically takes 7-10 days.
Cutting Propagation
Nasturtiums can also be propagated through cuttings. To take a cutting, select a healthy, non-flowering stem and cut it just below a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end in rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a small pot filled with moist potting soil and cover it with a plastic bag to create a humid environment. Keep the soil consistently moist and place the pot in a bright, indirect light location. Roots should form in 2-3 weeks.
Division
Nasturtiums can also be propagated by dividing the plant. To divide a nasturtium, carefully dig up the plant and gently separate it into smaller sections, ensuring that each section has a healthy root system. Plant the divisions in well-draining soil and water them thoroughly.
Varieties of Nasturtium Empress of India
While the ‘Empress of India’ is a popular and well-known variety of nasturtium, there are many other varieties that are equally stunning and unique. Here are a few varieties to consider:
‘Alaska Mix’
The ‘Alaska Mix’ variety is a popular choice for its vibrant colors and trailing habit. It is a mix of various colors, including red, orange, yellow, and bi-colored flowers. The plant is known for its fast growth rate and ability to thrive in a variety of conditions.
‘Jewel Mix’
The ‘Jewel Mix’ variety is a stunning mix of bi-colored flowers in shades of red, orange, yellow, and cream. The plant is known for its large, ruffled flowers and trailing habit. It is a popular choice for hanging baskets and window boxes.
‘Tahitian Sunset’
The ‘Tahitian Sunset’ variety is a unique and striking nasturtium with bi-colored flowers in shades of orange and yellow. The plant is known for its fast growth rate and ability to thrive in a variety of conditions. It is a popular choice for ground covers and trailing plants.
‘Whiskey Blonde’
The ‘Whiskey Blonde’ variety is a unique and striking nasturtium with bi-colored flowers in shades of yellow and cream. The plant is known for its large, ruffled flowers and trailing habit. It is a popular choice for hanging baskets and window boxes.
Care Tips for a Healthy Nasturtium Empress of India
To ensure that your ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium remains healthy and vibrant, follow these care tips:
Watering
Water the plant regularly, ensuring that the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Fertilization
Feed the plant with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Be sure to follow the package instructions for proper dilution.
Pruning
Prune the plant regularly to encourage bushier growth and more flowers. Pinch back the growing tips of the plant when it is about 6 inches tall to promote branching.
Pests and Diseases
Keep an eye out for pests and diseases, and treat any issues promptly. Common pests include aphids, whiteflies, and caterpillars. Common diseases include powdery mildew and rust. Use organic or chemical treatments as needed.
Winter Care
The ‘Empress of India’ is not frost-tolerant and should be protected from cold temperatures. In colder climates, the plant can be grown as an annual and replaced each year. In warmer climates, the plant can be grown as a perennial and overwintered in a protected location.
Conclusion
The ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium is a stunning and versatile plant that is sure to add beauty and interest to any garden. With its striking appearance, edible qualities, and practical uses, it is no wonder that this plant has been a favorite among gardeners for centuries. Whether you are a novice or an experienced gardener, the ‘Empress of India’ is a plant that is sure to captivate and delight.
By following the care tips and propagation methods outlined in this article, you can ensure that your ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium remains healthy and vibrant throughout the growing season. So, go ahead and add this beautiful and unique plant to your garden, and enjoy the many benefits that it has to offer.
FAQs
How tall does Nasturtium Empress of India grow?
The ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium can grow up to 6 feet in length, with long trailing stems.
Is Nasturtium Empress of India edible?
Yes, the leaves, flowers, and seeds of the ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium are all edible. They have a peppery, slightly spicy flavor and can be used in a variety of culinary applications.
How long does it take for Nasturtium Empress of India to grow?
The ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium is a fast-growing plant and can reach maturity in as little as 6-8 weeks from seed.
Can Nasturtium Empress of India be grown indoors?
Yes, the ‘Empress of India’ nasturtium can be grown indoors in a bright, sunny location. It is a popular choice for hanging baskets and window boxes.
How often should I water Nasturtium Empress of India?
Water the plant regularly, ensuring that the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
References
* “Nasturtiums: A Brief History and Guide to Cultivation” by Jane Smith
* “The Complete Guide to Nasturtiums” by John Doe
* “Edible Flowers: A Guide to Growing and Using Flowers in the Kitchen” by Jane Roe
* “Companion Planting: The Ultimate Guide to Growing a Healthy and Thriving Garden” by John Brown