Indian flour, also known as besan or gram flour, is a staple in Indian cuisine. It is a versatile ingredient that is used in a wide range of dishes, from savory to sweet. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the different types of Indian flour, their uses, and the numerous benefits they offer.
Understanding Indian Flour
Indian flour is primarily made from chickpeas, also known as chana dal. The chickpeas are soaked, dried, and then ground into a fine powder. This powder is then used in various recipes to add texture, flavor, and nutritional value.
Types of Indian Flour
There are several types of Indian flour, each with its unique characteristics and uses.
Besan
Besan is the most common type of Indian flour. It is made from chickpeas and has a fine, smooth texture. Besan is often used in savory dishes such as pakoras, samosas, and bhajiyas. It is also used in sweet dishes like besan ke laddoos and besan ke barfi.
Gram Flour
Gram flour is another type of Indian flour made from chickpeas. It has a coarser texture than besan and is often used in curries and stews. Gram flour is also used in making breads like roti and paratha.
Urad Dal Flour
Urad dal flour is made from urad dal, also known as black gram. It has a distinct flavor and is often used in South Indian cuisine. Urad dal flour is used in making dosas, idlis, and vadas.
Moong Dal Flour
Moong dal flour is made from moong dal, also known as green gram. It has a mild flavor and is often used in North Indian cuisine. Moong dal flour is used in making khichdi, upma, and cheela.
Uses of Indian Flour
Indian flour is incredibly versatile and can be used in a wide range of dishes.
Savory Dishes
Indian flour is commonly used in savory dishes. It is often used as a coating for vegetables and meats, giving them a crispy texture. Some popular savory dishes made with Indian flour include:
– Pakoras: Vegetables or meats coated in besan and deep-fried.
– Samosas: Savory pastries filled with a mixture of vegetables and spices, coated in besan.
– Bhajiyas: Savory fritters made with besan and various fillings.
– Roti: Whole wheat flatbread made with gram flour.
– Paratha: Layered flatbread made with gram flour and stuffed with various fillings.
Sweet Dishes
Indian flour is also used in a variety of sweet dishes. It adds texture and flavor to these dishes, making them unique and delicious. Some popular sweet dishes made with Indian flour include:
– Besan Ke Laddoos: Sweet balls made with besan, sugar, and ghee.
– Besan Ke Barfi: Sweet fudge made with besan, sugar, and ghee.
– Rava Kesari: Sweet pudding made with rava (semolina) and besan.
– Peda: Sweet fudge made with besan, sugar, and ghee.
Health Benefits
Indian flour is not only versatile but also highly nutritious. It is rich in protein, fiber, and essential minerals. Some of the health benefits of Indian flour include:
– High in Protein: Indian flour is a great source of plant-based protein, making it an excellent choice for vegetarians and vegans.
– Rich in Fiber: The fiber in Indian flour aids in digestion and helps to prevent constipation.
– Low in Fat: Unlike many other flours, Indian flour is low in fat, making it a healthier choice.
– Rich in Minerals: Indian flour is rich in minerals like iron, magnesium, and potassium, which are essential for the body.
How to Use Indian Flour
Indian flour is easy to use and can be incorporated into a wide range of dishes. Here are some tips on how to use Indian flour effectively:
Cooking with Indian Flour
When cooking with Indian flour, it is important to remember that it absorbs a lot of liquid. Therefore, it is best to use it in dishes where it can soak up the liquid, such as curries and stews.
Storing Indian Flour
Indian flour should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place. It can be stored for up to six months if stored properly.
Substituting Indian Flour
If you cannot find Indian flour, you can substitute it with other types of flour. However, the texture and flavor may vary. Some common substitutes include:
– All-Purpose Flour: Can be used as a substitute for besan in savory dishes.
– Semolina: Can be used as a substitute for besan in sweet dishes.
– Chickpea Flour: Can be used as a substitute for gram flour in curries and stews.
Recipes Using Indian Flour
Here are some popular recipes that use Indian flour:
Besan ke Laddoos
Ingredients:
– 1 cup besan
– 1 cup sugar
– 1/2 cup ghee
– 1/2 cup milk
– 1/2 tsp cardamom powder
– 1/2 tsp saffron strands (optional)
Instructions:
1. Mix besan, sugar, and ghee in a pan.
2. Add milk and mix well until a dough forms.
3. Add cardamom powder and saffron strands (if using).
4. Roll the dough into small balls.
5. Let the laddoos cool before serving.
Pakoras
Ingredients:
– 1 cup besan
– 1/2 tsp red chili powder
– 1/2 tsp turmeric powder
– 1/2 tsp salt
– 1/2 cup water
– Vegetables or meats for frying
Instructions:
1. Mix besan, red chili powder, turmeric powder, and salt in a bowl.
2. Add water and mix well until a smooth batter forms.
3. Dip the vegetables or meats in the batter.
4. Deep-fry until golden brown.
5. Serve with tamarind chutney.
Roti
Ingredients:
– 2 cups whole wheat flour
– 1/2 cup gram flour
– 1 tsp salt
– Water as needed
– Oil for cooking
Instructions:
1. Mix whole wheat flour, gram flour, and salt in a bowl.
2. Add water and knead until a soft dough forms.
3. Divide the dough into small balls.
4. Roll out each ball into a thin circle.
5. Cook on a hot griddle until golden brown.
6. Serve with curry or sabzi.
Conclusion
Indian flour is a versatile and nutritious ingredient that is essential in Indian cuisine. Whether you are making savory or sweet dishes, Indian flour is sure to add texture, flavor, and nutritional value to your meals. With its numerous health benefits and easy-to-use nature, Indian flour is a staple in many Indian households. So, why not try incorporating Indian flour into your next meal and experience the delicious and nutritious benefits it offers?